Earlier results Snapshot 2026-08-31. This dashboard predates the current working paper and uses different methods and estimates. Use the paper for current results. Current job market paper →
DAIRY HEAT STRESS preliminary web edition
Objective

How heat stress shapes U.S. dairy production

A report-aligned view of yield and milk-fat effects estimated with causal machine learning, together with realized national losses, state exposure, and year-specific evidence from 2003–2025.

Annual monetized loss

Preferred cumulative effects per stress day

How to read this dashboard. Model estimates are pooled causal effects from the 21-state monthly estimation panel. Economic-loss views evaluate those pooled coefficients against realized exposure, production, and prices across the 48 contiguous states; they are not state-specific causal coefficients. Uncertainty ranges are coefficient-sensitivity bands.
Partnership

This project brings together The Dairy Alliance and the Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics at Virginia Tech to study climate stress and U.S. dairy production.

Project grant

The Dairy Alliance funded the project.

Research team

Duong Ta, Mario Ortez, Bradford Mills, and Michael Cary.

National effects and realized losses

Compare the six estimators and trace annual loss sensitivity. Yield effects use approximate percent units; fat-content effects use percentage points.

Estimator comparison

Annual loss and sensitivity range

State explorer

Explore where realized stress, production, and prices translate into the largest cumulative or per-cow losses.

Cumulative heat loss

LowerHigher

State ranking

RankStateValue

Selected-state annual profile

Year-specific cumulative effects

Preferred NNET ADML estimates with 95% analytic intervals. These year-specific series are descriptive evidence of temporal heterogeneity.

Year-specific heat effect on milk yield

Sources, scope, and definitions

This file is a read-only snapshot. It contains all displayed data and code, requires no internet connection, and does not refresh automatically.

Source manifest

MetricOrganizationCoverageProject file